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Glossary of Technical Terms
Given below is an alphabetical list of technical terms used in the article along with
their meaning in the context of the article:
- aagama direct perception of past seers
- abhimana pride
- abhinivesha fear of death
- abhyasa practice
- abhyasa vairagaya practice and detachment
- adhibhoutic physical; pertaining to nature
- adhidaivic divine; related to Brahma
- adhyatmic spiritual; pertaining to purush
- agnostic person who thinks human mind is
incapable of knowing whether there is a God, or an ultimate reality, or anything beyond
material phenomenon
- aham ego
- ahamkaara vanity; form of ego; personality; the
current state of being; the stuff of personality; self image
- akaar form; shape
- akasha energy in radiation or wave form
- anand bliss
- anumana inference
- aparavidya knowledge of differentiated objects
- apvarga transcendence of
experience in decision
making
- artha wealth, means of security, material means
of life pursuits
- asana physical exercises
- ashtanga yoga method of yoga with eightfold practice
- asmita body-centered individual identity
- atheist a person who denies the existence of God
- atma soul, an integral part of Brahma present in all
- avidya fundamental cause of duhkha, tendency of contrary
perception
- bhuta
same as tattva
- Brahma Infinite Eternal Element that manifests as all things
and beings; literally
that which bursts forth in the form of the universe; that which gives rise
to the universe, supports it, and reabsorbs it
- Brahman same as Brahma
- brahmic related with Brahma
- bhakta one who has bhakti
- bhakti undivided devotion to God
- bhoga
experience of life
- buddhi intelligence; intellect inclusive of discursive
reasoning, discriminating faculty, and intuitive ability
- chit consciosness
- Consciousness Principle purusha
- chitta seat of consciosness; first manifestation
of nature
- daana charity
- darsan,
darsana seeing eye to eye; making eye contact; immediate perception; school of philosophy
- dharma code of righteousness, duty and its
pursuits for spiritual goals
- dharna concentrated thinking about one subject
- dhyana contemplation
- duhkha suffering or pain in life
- dvesha feelings accompanying dislike of an object or a
person; envy, hatred
- gati
motion, change
- guna attribute, property
- guru spiritual guide
- humanism movement believing man is capable of
self-fulfilment, ethical conduct, etc. without recourse to God or supernaturalism
- immanent ultimate reality of the individual;
deepest and the most central part of the soul; reflection of Brahma within
- Ishwara God
- Ishwara pranidhana surrender to God
- jnana in-depth knowledge and understanding with
full conviction
- kama worldly enjoyment and pleasure
- karma motivation behind an action
- karmayoga method of yoga involving desireless
action
- kriya yoga method of yoga involving Ishwara pranidhana, tapa, and swadhyaya
- laya yoga method of yoga emphasizing Ishwara pranidhana
- mana mind; mind stuff
- manana continued reflection and in-depth study
of learnt material
- moksha total release from narrow
self-centeredness in the knowledge of the unity behind diversity in
the universe
- Natural Principle prakriti
- nididhyasana continued high quality
meditation leading to an immediate intellectual perception of the Universal
Principle underlying apparent diversity
- nidra sleep
- niyama discipline, rules
- ontology knowledge dealing with the nature of
being, reality, or ultimate reality
- panch-bhuta group of five gross elements
- earth, water, air, fire, and akasha including their
components
- paravidya true knowledge of Brahma
- pragya wisdom
- prakriti nature; also used for primordial
nature; procreative energy; energy
- pramana proof
- prana breath of life
- pranidhana surrender
- pratibha intuition
- pratyahara turning inwards
- pratyaksha direct observation
- pranayama breathing exercises
- purusha consciousness; both individual and
universal; attractive force between subtle particles;
- raga feelings accompanying one's liking of an object or a
person; attachment
- raja yoga method of yoga emphasizing abhyasa vairagaya
- rajoguna, rajas activity oriented attribute of nature
- rajoguni adjective from rajoguna
- rsis, rishi
- person of insight
and vision
- sadhak
spiritual aspirant; seeker of spiritual truth
- sadhana effort towards spiritual development
- sakshi
witness, the essence of the individual soul
- samadhi state of meditative concentration
leading to experience of oneness
- Samkhya a system of philosophy
- sat eternal; without any discernible beginning or end
- satkarma satoguni
karma
- satyam truth
- satoguna knowledge oriented attribute of nature
- satoguni adjective from satoguna
- shubhkarma rajoguni
karma
- smriti memory
- sravana learning by listening to an
experienced teacher; proper reading
- suhkha opposite of duhkha;
happiness
- Supreme Soul Brahma
- swadhyaya study of self
- swami master
- tamoguna, tamas inactivity oriented attribute of
nature; apathy, laziness, lethargy, etc.
- tamoguni adjective from tamoguna
- tapa austerity
- tattva
element,
that-ness
- the essential quality of an
object which distinguishes it from objects of another class
- teleology fact of having an ultimate purpose
- transcendent ultimate reality of the
universe; beyond bounds of normal human experince; Brahma
- ultimate reality that to which all can
be reduced or related, but which does not reduce or relate to anything
- Universal Principle Brahma
- Universal Soul Brahma
- vairagaya detachment
- vibhakta divided; separeted
- vidya correct perception or true knowledge
- vikalpa indecision
- viprayaya opposite
- vishudha pure, sharp
- viveka power to decide between pairs of opposites
- vritti tendency
- yagya offering
- yama righteous behaviour
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